This question <53|52> overall <55|57> Hans: <51|57>.  
  Question 113: In a capitalist economy very few commodities are directly exchanged against each other: almost all transactions involve money and a commodity. Why does Marx start his investigation with the exchange relation between two commodities, instead with the much more common relation between money and a commodity?   
  [56] Hans: Organizing Production by “Place Holder”   Cleo writes in [53]  
  The value that a commodity contains is linked to the amount of labor that was invested in it, not the dollar sign that a commodity holds, that is simply a place holder.   
  “Place holder” is a good expression. Instead of organizing their labors directly, those living in a market economy deal with each other in the monetary sphere, and the coordination of production is the by-product of market outcomes. Of course, such an indirect governance of production is ineffective and crisis prone. Yesterday's terrorist attack on the World Trade Center is predicted to have deep impacts on production world wide, through its effects on stock markets and consumers' saving behaviors. However tragic the loss of 20,000 lives may be, the world economy is so big that it should hardly make a dent. (And, these 20,000 were in addition to the 20,000 children who died yesterday, and the day before, and will die today, as a consequence of the inhumanely cruel division of wealth in the world today.) Last but not least, one-dimensional money is simply not able to address the ecological limits which modern production must heed.   
 
 
 
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