| This question <548-13|210-6> overall <38|40> RedHead: <1|211-1>. graded A– |
| Question 103: (a) Why is it necessary for the exchange of commodities that they contain qualitatively different kinds of useful labor? |
| (b) Can commodity production exist without division of labor? |
| (c) Can division of labor exist without commodity production? |
| (d) How does commodity production influence the division of labor? |
| [39] RedHead: (a) Marx states that qualitatively different labor is a prerequisite for the exchange of commodities within a commodity producing society. If two items contained the same use-values, then they could not be exchanged for one another. His example was that a coat could not be exchanged for another coat. It could, however, be exchanged for material for making more coats. |
| (b) Commodity production cannot exist, according to Marx, without division of labor. |
| (c) Commodity production is not a prerequisite to the social division of labor. In communal societies such as some Native American tribes, labor is divided without commodity production. Only products meant for the survival of the social group will result in such an order. |
| (d) Commodity production drives the division of labor, casting the majority of production into the private sector. This qualitative difference between the useful forms of labor which are carried out, creates a complex web of commerce in the contemporary business world. |
| Hans: Your last sentence doesn't quite fit. It should go along the lines: market relations create the incentive to offer new use-values for sale and to differentiate existing use-values, which deepens the division of labor. |
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