This question <151|170> overall <152|156> Thugtorious: <145|228>. graded A  
  Question 90: How is the value of raw materials determined in Marx's theory? How does the scarcity of these materials influence their value? Is Marx's argument still valid in the case of an exhaustible resource, which is present only in finite supply?   
  [155] Thugtorious: Response to Picard and Scarcity of Oil.   Oil is one of the greatest contradictions plaguing us today in our capitalistic society. However, I think that it is one of the best examples of the labor theory of value. If you look at the recent year's gas prices, they have sky rocketed. Why? Is it because crude is becoming scarcer? Maybe. Has demand gone through the roof compared to what it was in the 90's? Some may make that argument with the booming economy of China. But, below all of this surface friction, there are deeper elements at play.   
  With the war in Iraq, oil production over there has had to start incurring the costs of more security (labor) so that terrorists don't destroy their production facilities which increases their costs of production, and these costs are passed on to the consumer. Further, with the effects of Katrina, oil production facilities will need maintenance and repair (labor) before they can be back on line. And, since most production facilities are producing at 95% to 100% capacity, they (by the nature of production) need more labor in response to the increase in demand. Plus, many scientists have noted that the best crude in the world has already been depleted; all the crude that is left takes more production (labor) to refine to a usable grade. I also doubt that the workers in the Middle East, Venezuela, and other OPEC countries receive anywhere near the value that they create, and anywhere near what oil workers receive in America; hence, huge profits for the “oil barons.” One might argue that these nations are not “capitalistic” countries. However, they engage in trade with the United States, Britain, and other predominantly capitalistic nations, so they engage in capitalistic trade; capitalism does not know countries or nations, it only knows exploitation. So, it is not the eternal tug-of-war between supply and demand over scarce raw materials, but the underlying response of the further exploitation of the laborer by the capitalist to meet these demands that raises the prices of oil.   
  Marx does note his own version of the “diamond paradox” in chapter 1 by saying that situations like the diamond mines are exceptions to the rule. But, as we can see with the example of oil, there are many more examples that hold true compared to the few exceptions.   
  Hans: Oil is a commodity, yes, but we need to know more about oil and modern capitalism in order to explain what is happening in the Middle East. Don't forget, we are just at the beginning of the book.   
 
 
 
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