This question <96|90> overall <86|90> Dabears: <1193|135>. graded B+  
  Question 112: Can you think of determinants of the labor process which do not belong to it as useful labor?   
  [87] Dabears: (un)Useful Labor.   I thought about this question for a long time, and I thought of a lot of unuseful labor that goes into selling a product, like Marketing, sales, management oversight, etc. The only parts of the labor process that I could think of that don't “(produce) a product that has any use-value of whatever kind,” and “its product (is not) useful” (pg. 56) are packaging and color. The packaging itself has a use-value, but its use value (in most cases) is unrelated to the product. Consider, for example, light bulbs. All the labor going in to producing light bulbs is useful labor, in that it helps the bulb produce the specified light. The packaging does not assist, in any way, in the transformation of energy/electricity into light. It has its own use value of helping one bring the product home and storing the product safely, but it has no use value in relation to the use-value of light. Color seems to be the same way. It may make the product more appealing on the shelf, but it generally does not add to the use value of a product. For example, a CD put into one's computer would work just as well and play the same program/music if it were white, red, black, multi-colored, etc. If anyone can think of any other unuseful labor, I would love to hear it!   
  Hans: Packaging has a use-value: it protects the product on transport and it is a sales tool. You may not agree that resources should be spent to make the products look attractive (and often bigger than they are) on the store shelves. I like this sentiment of cutting out superfluous labor. At a time when global warming threatens the future of human life on the planet, those things must be looked at. But even if the use-value of the product is questionable, it is a use-value, and therefore the labor producing it falls under the category of useful labor.   
 
 
 
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