This question <236|57> overall <251|253> Desk: <89|254>.  
  Question 89: Why is labor measured here by labor-time, and not by counting how many movements were made, or by the drops of sweat of the laborer, or by the discomfort of the laborer?   
  [252] Desk: Time being a critical factor.   Time is the critical factor when Marx wishes to discuss labor and labor value. Labor cannot be measured by the drops of sweat of a person nor his discomfort because of time. I wish to use several examples showing the importance of time. Time is something that everyone can relate to, no matter the situation no one can avoid how time is essential in one's life. Marx states that the measure of the value of things is the duration of the labor on the average requisite, performed with the average amount of skill and diligence, and in the normal industrial conditions at any given time. In this example we will use the construction of a house. The builder pays the laborer for his labor-power at its value, that is to say, by giving him the amount of money which, representing six hours labor, permits him to build the house at a specific need; but as he thus obtains the free disposal of this productive force for which he has paid, he acquires everything it produces during the entire day. He will never pay the worker on the drops of sweat or the discomfort of the worker for that reason. The employer has different methods of increasing his profits. The first consists in multiplying the number of his workmen. The second method is to lengthen the working day. The longer the laborer works beyond the necessary time which represents his wages, the greater the profit he would have.   
  Hans: Your first sentence “time is the critical factor when Marx wishes to discuss labor and labor value” or your fourth sentence “time is something that everyone can relate to” start you on the wrong foot. It is not Marx's decision or the employer's decision to measure labor by time. Please look at my comment to [217] and my [65]. Some of what you write seems to indicate that you are aware of this, other things are in contradiction with it.   
 
 
 
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